Single notes Staccato Portato Sustained with and without vibrato | Single notes Staccato Portato short and medium Portato long with vibrato Sustained with, without, and with progressive vibrato |
Dynamics Fortepiano, sforzato Crescendo-diminuendo 2 and 5 sec. | Dynamics Medium crescendo and diminuendo with vibrato, 2, 3, and 4 sec. Medium crescendo and diminuendo without vibrato, 2, 3, 4, and 6 sec. Strong crescendo and diminuendo without vibrato, 2, 3, 4, and 6 sec. Crescendo-diminuendo with vibrato, 2, 5, and 9 sec.; without vibrato, 2, 3, 4, and 5 sec. Fortepiano, sforzato, sforzatissimo with and without vibrato |
Flutter tonguing and trills Flutter tonguing normal and crescendo Trills minor and major 2nd | Flutter tonguing and trills Flutter tonguing normal and crescendo Trills minor and major 2nd, normal and dynamics |